astrology was the ancient world¡¯s most ambitious applied mathematics problem, a grand data-analysis enterprise sustained for centuries by some of history¡¯s most brilliant minds, from Ptolemy to al-Kindi [en.wiki2] to Kepler [harvard (9-page pdf)]. just consider that for much of the last two thousand years, the word ¡°mathematician¡± (mathematicus) simply meant an astrologer; [wordpress]posted by HearHere at 7:29 AM on September 15 [6 favorites]
one according to which the star [meaning planet] moves in its epicycle; the second according as the epicycle moves together with its whole heaven, equally with that of the Sun; the third, according as that same whole heaven moves, following the movement of the starry sphere, from west to east one degree in a hundred years.The last of these being the precession of the equinoxes, and Al-Farghani's value for the precesssion is close to the modern value of one degree in 72 years. When Dante writes in Inferno 1.38¨C40 that "The sun rose up with those stars that were with it when the divine love first moved those beautiful things" he means that the sun is in the same sign (Aries) as it was at the creation (not literally with the same stars, as these had moved sixty degrees or more since the creation due to precession), indicating that he considered the signs to be fixed to the sun.
The archaic nomenclature of the Arabs . . . in one respect is unique. They did not group together several stars to form a living figure, as did their Western neighbors. . . . Single stars represented single creatures, a rule that rarely seems to have been deviated from¡ªposted by HearHere at 6:43 AM on September 17
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posted by HearHere at 2:33 AM on September 15 [1 favorite]